Device for control and operation by fluid servo-motor



G. FLEISQHEL. 2,239@

Davies Foa CONTROL AND `OPEMTION BY FLUID sEnvo-MQTOR Filed April 27 1937 6 Sheets-Sheet ly @E whs nsvrca FOR commu. AND OPERATION BY FLUID sERvo-MQTQR L H C m E L F Filed April 27. 1937 6 Shwt-Sheet 2- v M. MSN

June 4,' l940.

, G. FLEHSQHEL I 2,@2

DEVICE FOR CONTROL AND OPERATION BY FLUID '.SERVO-MIO'IR Filed April 27, 1937 6 Smets-Sheet 3 June 4, 1940. s. FLEsL ZQMQ@ DEVIQI FOR QNTROL AND OPERTIO BY FLUX@ SERVQJQTQR y Filed April 2v. w37 s saws-snm f;

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DEVIGEA FUR. CONTROL AND-OPERATION BY FLUID SERVO-MOTOR Filed April 27, 1937 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 fill/1111111111111 199 fnl/enfon- 60'5 fof; F/cvce #Elli/,9111 y 2W i June 4, 1940.` G, FLElsCHEL 4 2,203,296

DEVICE .FOR CONTROL AND OPERATION BY FLUID SERVGJIOTOR Filed April 27 1937 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 YMMRQW Patented June 4, 19,40

REISSUED DEVICE FOR CONTROL AND OPERATION BY FLUID SERVO-MOTOR Gaston Fleischel, Bleneau, France Application April 27, 1937, Serial No. 139,321

l In France May 7, 1936 1s claims. (o1. 1oz-91) The invention relates to devices for control and .operation by fluid servo-motor; and it concerns more especially devices of this type utilised for the control and operation of transmissions for automobiles.

It has for its object, particularly, to make these devices such that they adapt themselves, better than at present, to the particular conditions in which these servo-motors must operate under lo automatic) to carry out adetermined operation. More particularly, the purpose of the invention is to provide a control device for a uid servomotor which is arrangedto change'the gears in an automobile'transmission, in which the distributor for the energizing. iluid of the servomotor is controlled in any suitable manner, with means operated by a force dependent on a modiflcation of the operation yof the transmission mechanism to control the distributor.

According to the inventiom. and more espe.

cially according to that of its methods of application as well as those/ of the methods of realisation of' its various parts, to which it 25 seems necessary to give preference, proposing to construct a device for the control and for the operation, by iiuid servo-motor, of a variablespeed transmission for automobiles, one proceeds as follows, or in a similar manner and referring to the drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 shows in diagrammatic elevation (parts in section) the assembly of a variable speed transmission constructed according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows, on a. larger scale, the operating mechanism for the clutch of/the transmission according to Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows an explanatory diagram of the operation of the controlling and operating mechal 40 nism of such a clutch.

Fig. 4 shows, in elevation (part `in section), a.

part of an operating mechanism of. the clutch of the transmission according to Fig. 1 but consion according to Fig. 1.

Fig. '7 vshows in elevation a control device of the gear box with concomitantr operation of the clutch, this device being constructed in a dif- 55 ferent manner from that of Figs. 1 and 6.

the control of a lselecting means (manual or.

Fig. 5 shows, in elevation (parts in section) an- JAN 9 1951 Fig. 8 shows in diagrammatic section a device for the control and the operation of a gear box of a type different from that shown on Fig. 1.

Fig. 9 shows in vertical section, a control device constructed according to the invention, for an entirely automatic transmission.

Figs.- 9a, 9b, 9c and 9d show.. in transverse section, respectively four characteristic positions of a distributort forming part of the device according to Fig. 9.

, Fig. 10 shows, partly in elevation and partly in vertical section, a first modification'- ofv a- .tion of the arrangement of Fig. 11,- in which the vdevice is operated on by two Variable control.

forces.

Fig. 13 shows, on a larger scale and in verticalsection, a control device for the brakes of the transmission shown on Fig. 1.

There is designated here by the term ,uid

servo-motor and in the most general manner,`

any device which, under the control or the supervision vof a selector mechanism functioning automatically or through the intervention of an operator, furnishes attheleast partially and with the aid of an energy suitably accumulated in a iluid (liquid orv even gaseous), the forces necessary for the carrying-out of certain determined operations, While strictly observing the selections given by the said selector mechanism. A movable member, called distributor 'for-the servo-motor, puts the servo-motor into and out of action, for example by admission, by gradual regulation or by suppression, of the energy accumulated in the driving fluid under the control of the selecting mechanism.

In order to explain the object of the inven- 'tion there have, been shown on the drawings the invention can also be applied to transmissions-of a different or more particular kind.

It is proposed to operate these various mechanisms through the intermediary of iiuid servomotors, under control, automatic or non-automatic. It will be assumed, in the following, that the uid utilised in these servo-motorsis a liquid and more especially oil under pressure which can be that which is used for the lubrication of the engine or of the transmission. Of course, recourse could be had to any other source of pressure diierential for power.

The oil under pressure can be furnished from any suitable source. However it may seem preferable to provide a 'special circuit for the supply of the servo-motor or servo-motors for example in order to utilise an oil different from that which lubricates the engine and to this end the following procedure may be adopted.

There is provided on the casing of the engine A an oil reservoir I in which is accommodated a pump 2, for example a gear-wheel pump, which is driven, through the intermediary voi a pinion 3, by the engine A and particularly by the cam shaft d2 of the latter.

The oil under pressure is delivered through the conduit and the return of the oil into the reservoir I takes place through the discharge tube 5. As the pump functions constantly and as the operations by servo-motor only take placeintermittently, there is provided in the delivery conduit d a valve 6 which limits the pressure to the desired value and permits the discharge of the oil into the piping I where it can be utilised for lubrication for` example. It is of interest that the oil 4of the servo-motor is that which lubricates the transmission, but it can be different from that which lubricates the iengine or the transmission, the return of this oil taking place through the tube 8 (Figsfl and 2).

The friction clutch B, provided between the engine A and the variable speed gear can be engaged, in the usual way, by springs (not shown) and can be disengaged through the intermediary of radial levers 9 pivoted at iixed points and the outer extremities of which tend to separate the friction linings of the clutch againstthe action of the said springs when the sleeve iii, capable/of sliding about the input shaft II of the variable speed gear is displaced axially towards the left of Fig. 1. This displacement can be assured by a pedal operated shaft I2 or by an oil servo-motor under pressure constituted, for example, as follows.

In the end wall I3 of the clutch casing there is provided, concentrically to the shaft II, an annular chamber I4, connected to a tube I5 filled with oil and opening into .a distributor G- regulating the pressure transmitted by this oil. The annular chamber Id communicates, moreover, lby passages I6 with several small cylinders in which are accommodated fingers I1, forming pistons and capable of driving the sleeve I0 back against the action of the clutching springs when the distributor G establishes communication between the delivery conduit of the pump and the tube I5. There is thus obl the servo-motor Ill-I1 of the clutch and the` y three groups of members.

springs of this latter produce its engagement.,

For the example shown on Fig. 1 it has been supposed that the variable `speed gear comprises a reversing device .C separate from the variable speed gear D and E and which is arranged, as is well known, in such a way that when its operating arm I8 occupies its medium position all connection is interrupted between the variable speed gear proper and the assembly constituted by the engine A and the clutch B. When the said arm I8 occupies one of its extreme positions, the shaft II of the clutch is capable of driving the members of the variable speed gear D in the same direction and for its other extreme position the drivev takes place with reversal of the direction of running. 'I'he operating arm I 8 is remotely controlled by the driver, for example with the aid of a handle I9 (or of a lever) with three positions and connected to the said arm by a flexible or articulated connection 20. n

'I'he reversing device is of absolutely any type and occupies absolutely any position. In the preferred form, however, the lever in its mean or central position disengages the reversing device so that no drive takes place therethrough. Displacement of the lever towards the right (in Fig. 1) causes forward drive, while displacement towards the left causes reverse drive.V

'I'he variable speed gear comprises, for the example according to Fig. 1, two simple planetary gear-boxes E and D, /which are mounted end t0 end whilst having different transmission ratios. Moreover, the gear box E is operated by an independent servo-motor with which is associated a distributor El independent of that D1 of the other gear box D. As the constitution of the two gear boxes-with the exception of the ratio of the gears-is the same there has .'only been shown in section the box E which will be described in detail hereafter.

The box is provided, in the usual manner, with One driving group 2i is `driven bythe output shaft 22 of the gear box Dand comprises for example a planetary gear 23 with interior teeth. This gear meshes with satellites 24% mounted on a support 2da keyed on the outputlshaft 25 of the gear box E. A central sun-wheel 25 constitutes, `for example again, the third group which it is desirable to engage with another group, more especially with the planetary gear 23 in order to obtain the f direct drive of the shaft 25 for the simple gcar box E considered. On the other hand when the hubof the central sun-wheel 26 a plate 21 carrying a peripheral rim for example double-coned. The said plate 21 is constantly urged towards the planet 23, integralfwith the input shaft 22, by a spring 29, for example, a resilient ring of concave form. When this spring can act freely, the conical part 28a of the rimA is applied on the conical edge of the planetary gear 23 which assures-the direct drive of the shaft 25 by the shaft 22. In order to obtain the driving at a reduced speed it isA necessary to force the plate 21 back axially against the action of the spring 29 until the conical part 28h comes into contact with a i-ixed rim 30, of corresponding shape and mounted on the casing of the gear box E.

. Such a forcing back is obtained through the intermediary 0f an annular part 3| capable of f comprised by the gear 23, and then applies the conical part 281 against the fixed rim 30. The

axial displacement of the annular part 3l is obtained by the pressure of the oil by the pump 2 and transmitted by a conduit 35 to the distributor El which, by being brought to its admission position, allows this pressure to act through a conduit 36 in an annular chamber 32 provided in the lateral wall of the gear box E, this chamber communicating by passages 33 with housings in which can slide fingers 34, in the form of small pistons, which act on the annular part 3| in order to force this latter back as indicated above.

When the distributor E1 is brought to its exhaust position, the conduit 36 is put into communication, by the pipe 31, with the discharge pipe 5 in such a way that the pressure ceases to act in the chamber 32. Under the combined action of the spring 29 and of the return springs 38, the annular part is forced back axially towards the left of Fig. 1, which separates the conical part 28h from the fixed rim 30 and again brings the conical part 28' of the plate 21 into contact with that of the planetary gear 23 to re-establish direct drive. Under the `action of its return springs 38 the annular part is then separated from the plate 21. The gear box D has a similar constitution and its distributor .D1 can supply this box with oil under pressure through the pipe 39 whilst the discharge .takes place, advantageously, throughr the 'common pipe 31.

or distinct from this servo-motor.

It should be noted that this type of planetary gearbox permits the employment of its friction surfaces 28al and 28b without "any dead point since it is precisely the putting into contact of the frictional engagement affecting the new ratio which causes the abandonment of the former ratio. 'Ihe changing of theY speed combinations can thereforetake place at 'full load, which is an important advantage. Moreover the combination of the two simple gear boxes, of nearly similar ratios, permits of obtaining four speed ratios the engagement of which can be effected at full load. y

`Regarding-the brakes of the vehicle, there has only been shown the transmitting rod 401 which controls these' mechanisms, which are constructed in the usual way, as well `as a servomotor 40 with oil under pressure or the like which serves for the operation of the brakes, this servomotor being able to be combined with that which usually controls the brakes by the braking pedal explained hereafter how the oil is supplied and distributed to the servo-motor 40.

Having thus described the essential members of the transmission to be constructed as well as the servo-motors through the intermediary of which'the oil under pressure can assure the operationof these members, there will be set forth hereafter the actuating or controlling means .for these servo-motors.

Regarding the clutch, it is proposed to render this control entirely automatic as much during the starting and stopping periods of the vehicle as during the changes of the speed combinations, the methods of operation of the ,clutchduring theseoperations being, as is well known, essentially different. It is known, in effect, that dur- It Will be ing the starting the engagement of the clutch must be suitably and progressively controlled according to the running of the engine and of the vehicle, a too-slow engagement causing racing of the engine and a too-rapid or abrupt engagement the stalling of this latter. On the other hand, during the speed changes the operation of the clutch must assure a more or less decisive disengagement and be as rapid as possible. For an ordinary and non-automatic friction clutch the driver can adapt his control to the circumstances which arise. On the other hand, when the control is entirely automatic, for example subordinated to the action of a centrifugal governor driven by the engine, it is necessary to provide special devices which, at any moment, are ready to come into action to assure a suitable engagement or disengagement of the clutch. Thus during the starting period it is necessary that below a certain speed of rotation V2 of the engine the clutch is completely disengaged, that above the speed of rotation V2 the engagement commences and increases when the speed of rotation of the engine increases, and that according to another speed of rotation V1 of the engine, the engagement is complete.

In order to control the clutch there is preferably utilised a centrifugal governor 4I driven by the engine, particularly by the cam shaft 42 of the latter, this governor comprising for example a ball cage 43 with cylindrical housings inclined for example at 45 on the shaft 42 and in which are accommodated balls of the governor 4I. These latter are projected, by the centrifugal force, against a cone 44 movableaxially and which, through the intermediary of an oscillating lever 45 and of a connecting rod 46, acts on the slide valve 41 of the distributor G for the servo-motor I4I1 of the clutch B. As the governor 4| need only displace the slide valve 41 of light weight and slight friction and without being infiuenced by the reactions which are produced during the operations of the clutch, this governor can be constituted in a simple, economic and little cumbersome manner and its action, as an actuating and controlling mechanism, is made more sensitive and more efiicient.

The slide valve 41 is appointed to control the servo-motor I4-I1 of the clutch B during the starting and stopping of the vehicle. This slide valve is shown on Fig. 2 at its mean position for which it closes at the same time both the outlet 48 of the delivery conduit 4 of the pump 2 and the orifice 49, through which the oil can escape towards the discharge pipe 5. The inlet 50 of the feed conduit .'5' of the clutch servo-motor I4I1 occupies such a position that it is never covered by the slide valve 41.

The slide valve 41 is influenced by a return spring 5I the stress R of which acts in the opposite direction to the thrust of the force X of the centrifugal governor 4l.

Such a control is already self-regulating for so long as the centrifugal force X remains lower than the power R of the spring, that is to say as long as the speed of rotation of the engine is less than V2, the slide valve 41 is pushed back by the spring 5I towards a position for which the outlet 48 is uncovered in such a way that the pressure of the iluid acts through the pipe I5 and disengages the clutch. If the operation of the engine becomes such that the force X exceeds the power R of the spring, that is to say that the speed of rotation V2 is exceeded, the slide valve 41 is moved towards a position for which the outlet 48 is closed and the discharge orifice 49` uncovered, which permits the engagement of the clutch. If the effort thus required from the engine is high, it slows down; the force X diminishes from this fact until the outlet 48 ls opened and the discharge orifice 49 closed, which causes the disengagement of the clutch. This disengagement unloads the engine which accelerates and thus causes the engagement of the clutch. There is consequently obtained an autoregulation leading to a stable state of equilibrium, but the energy utilized is'completely brought into action or totally suppressed, which actionmay cause unpleasant jerks in the operation.

AIn order to obviate this disadvantage the slide valve 61 is arranged in such a manner that it is capable of undergoing a reaction from the oil pressure. This reaction is, of course, chosen with the same ordersA of magnitude as those adopted for the centrifugal governor 8| and the spring 5|. In this way, a progressive variation of the pressure of the oil is made to intervene between the two extreme values of said pressure which corresponds respectively to the engagement and disengagement of the clutch.

This reaction is obtained by adopting a partial equilibrium for the slide valve 131 by giving different values to the diameters of the obturating parts of the slide valve 41. The transverse section of the part 41 which can obturate the outlet E8 is, for example, smaller than that of the part Mb which can obturate the discharge orice lis. 'I'his difference in diameters gives rise to an axial thrust P proportional to the pressure of the oil and to the difference of the sections and directed, in this case, in the same direction as the force X of the governor 4l and against the power R of the spring 5l. Q

In order fully to understand the important modifications thus applied to the operation, it is expedient to examine the diagram of Fig. 3. In this hasbeen shown as abscissae along Ov the speeds of rotation of the engine and as ordinates along Of, the different forces which -act on the slide valve il? of the distributor G.

The force X of the governor is indicated for a speed of rotation V of the engine, by a variable force VC the extremity of which Co is always on the parabola X corresponding to the centrifugal force produced by the governor l. The constant power of the spring 5l is indicated by the horizontal R.

At any speed of rotation V of the engine, the force VCO, developed by the centrifugal governor lil, and the thrust P resulting from the pressure of the oil on the unequal surfaces of the slide valve 47 are added together for they are' in the same direction and their sum is in opposition to the power R of the spring 5l.

Therefore, at any speed of rotation V of the engine, the slide valve is only in equilibrium if the pressure of the oil, in the distributor G, has

such a value that the thrust it develops is equal to COF. If the pressure P were lower, the spring 5| would gain superiority and the slide valve 41 would uncover the outlet 68 for the `oil under pressure in such a way as to increase the pressure until the thrust P has reached the value COF, atwhich value the movement would stop due to equilibrium of the forces acting on the slide valve.

If, on the contrary, the pressure became excesl sive, that is to say the thrust P greater than C"F the combined forces X and P, would become greater than R and the slide valve would be displaced in the opposite direction, which, afterd having, if necessary, interrupted the supply of oil under pressure through the outlet 48, would uncover the discharge orifice 49 for the pressure. Then the slide valve 41 would again resume a. stable position of equilibrium for which the oriflces 48 and 49 would be closed.

It is therefore seen that, in any event, the

' pressure of the oil to the servo-motor of the clutch has for a speed of rotation V of the engine, the value corresponding to the thrust CF of the diagram and that this pressure gradually changes at the same time as the thrust CF when the speed of rotation V'of the engine varies, and this in spite of the'fact that the oil pressure produced by the pump 2 is constant.

.The pressure of the oil downstream of the distributor has therefore become a variable which, in this case, is a function of the speed of the engine but which could quite as well be made a function of any other functional factor of the engine or of the vehicle. This progressive variation, Which is utilised for the operation of the clutch between the speeds of rotation V2 and V1 of the engine, is added to the auto-regulating operation mentioned above, in order completely to eliminate the jerks which the operation by all or nothing would have been a'ble to allow to exist.

The variation of the forces which 'act respectively in this case on theslide valve 41 canbe summarised by the formula.

As X is variable and R constant, is necessarily face of the piston or pistons -il of the servo` clutch, in such a .way that for a pressure ofthe oil giving a thrust greater than C2F2, which corresponds to the speed of rotation V2 of the engine, the clutch B is completely disengaged and applied, for example, against a projection which absorbs the excess thrust developed; and sov that at the speed of rotation V1 of the engine the pressure becomes ineffectual with the thrust, as shown by the diagram at the point C1, it is suilicient that the power R given to the spring 5i`is equal to the centrifugal force V101 developed at the speed of rotation V1 of the e'ngine. f

Between the two speeds of rotation V2 and .VI the engagement which is null at V2, lincreases with the speed of rotation of the engine in orderl to become complete at thespeed of rotation V1. This very progressive engagement, the limits V1 and V2 of which can be chosen at will with a view to the better result to be obtained and which intervenes for an operation already auto-regulating by itself, eliminates all jerks during starting, whatever may be the speed at which this latter takes place. Moreover, an operation has been obtained according to the so-ca1led` centrifugal principle of the clutch without modifying the standard clutch in anyway and without interposing in the clutch ,itself heavy rotary masses, which isa very substantial advantage from the constructional point of View.

Again, other important improvements can be very simply applied to the device such as described. It is proposed, for example, to avoid, with the control described,a characteristic defect of centrifugal clutches with rotating' masses.

With these latter, in consequence of their almost' symmetrical operation. when it is a question of an engagement by acceleration of the engine or of a isengagement Iby slowing-down, it is very diicult to determine the speeds of rotation W and V1 of the engine so that they shall be equally favourable in both cases. Generally'a progressive disengagemen at the speed of rotation V1 upon slowing-down. On the other hand if the speed of rotation V1 for which the disengagement commences is lowered, the engagement at starting is terminated at a too-low speed of rotation of the engine for which it does not yet develop a suiiicient couple.

It can .easily be obtained with the device, such as described, that the mode of disengagement of the lclutch at the time of slowing-down sh/all be dierent and shall take place at a speed of rotation'other than that for the engagement at the time of starting. This permits of adopting the most advantageous values for each case.,

If it is desired for example that the disengagement shall only take place at a speed of rotation V3 of the engine, completely independent of the speeds of rotation V1 and V2, it is suflicient to provide, as shown on Fig. 4, in the slide valve 41 (or in a part integral in movement with thislatter) a peripheral groove or notch 52,with which co-operates a bolt 53, influenced by a spring 54 of constant or regulatable power. The engagement of the bolt 53 in its housing 52 can only take place when the slidelvalve 41 occupies a position for which thevclutch is completely engaged, that is to say for which the outlet 48 is closed and the discharge orifice 49 completely( open. y

When the driver starts up, the slide valve 41 leaves its position at the left of Fig. 2 or 4 and slides gradually towards the right under the thrust of the force X. 'I'he bolt can only engage in its housing 52 when the engine has definitely exceeded the speed of rotation V1 for which the complete engagement of the clutch is obtained so that there is no change for the engagement during starting.

The engagement of the bolt 53 in its housing 52 brings into action a fourth force, namely the constant force Y due to the retaining action exerted by the bolt 53 on the slide valve 41 and which depends upon the powerl of the spring 54. This force Y is chosen in such a way that it is equal to the value C31"3 ofthe diagram of Fig. 3 and which corresponds to the value V3 at which it is desired the declutchingy shalltake place during the slowing downof the engine. This amounts to saying that for the returnmovement of the slide valve 41, under the eiect of the slow-running of the engine, the parabola X is replaced by the parabola X for which the ordinates have been increased to the valueI C31.

During the engagement of the bolt 453 the four forces which act on the slide valve 41 have their cond-ition of equilibrium expressed by the relation As' a result thereof, for a speed of rotation V of the engine for which the centrifugal force X is equal to VC and the retaining force Y equal to C* the pressure of the oil can only be equal to CF. If the declutching speed of rotation V3 has been chosen lowe'r than that V which determines the commencement of the engagement -on starting and if the engine slows down and successively passes through the speeds of rotation Vl and V2, the slide valve 41 nevertheless remains at its position for which it closes the outlet 4B and thusy prevents the disengagement of the clutch up to the moment when the speed of rotation V3 is attained. The slide valve 41 is then is useless and it commences too soon freed from the bolt 53 and the conditions oi? operation regulated by the parabola X are again vsudyvariable condition of engagement for the clutch,

and by which it is therefore possible to modify,

at will, the speeds oi rotation V2 and V1 for example in order to be able', exceptionally, to make the engine rotate at a high speed for difiicult starting conditions (sticking of the vehicle, starting on a very accentuated slope, etc.)

c It may bc desired, although this point is open to discussion, that the variation of the speeds of rotation V2 and V1 of the engagement of the clutch shall take place automatically according to the load of theengine, these speeds of rotation being lower when the engine is not loaded than when a considerable effort is required from it. v

For this purpose, as shown on Figs. 1 and 2, there may be brought into action the suction which exists in the suction pipe of the engine by making it act through a conduit 62 on a diaphragm 63 accommodated ina chamber 64. The diaphragm 63 is`conneoted to a rod 65 on whichis arranged the spring 55 and which includesl anA ,abutment es by which thc action of the vsaid spring 55 on the slide valve 41 can be modied as a function of the momentary value of this suction. When the suction is a minimum (which corresponds to a heavy load of the engine), the diaphragm 63 is at the position shown on Fig. 2 for which the powerof the spring 55 is added with a maximum valuev to that of the spring l, which raises the speeds of rotation for aiecting the clutch, as explained above. 0n the contrary, when the suction becomes greater, for light loads of the engine, the diaphragm 63 drives the rod 65 and the abutment 66 towards the right of Fig. 2i which diminishes or veven eliminates the eiort exerted by the supplementary spring 55\by lowering in this way the speeds of rotation for the clutching operations. If .necessary the remote control 56-51 can interveneto modify or correct this automatic employment of the suction by more or less compressing'the spring 55 through the intermediary of a sleeve 61 capable of sliding on the rod 65; 1 On Figs. and 2 there is' shown an arrangement comprising a cranked lever 68 pivoted to ay One arm of the lever 68 carries a roller 10 cooperating with a iixed rolling path 1I which has a step 12 in which the roller 10 can engage when the slide valves41 comes to occupy a determined position and corresponding to a speed -of rotation of the engine higher than V1l as explained with regard to the retainingI bolt 53 and the groove 52 of Fig.' 4. This lever 68 is influenced by a spring 13l which bears against a member 14, 4for example carried by the lu`g9, and which tends to apply the roller on its rolling path 1|, the coiibratcd power of the said spring 1a fixing the speed of rotation V3 for disengagement.- The lever 58 is also,'iniiuenced by the rod 55, freely in contact with it and through thcl intermediary yoi? which the spring 55 tends to apply' the roller 10 on its rolling path with an intensity lug 69 which extends from the slide valve 41.,

equal to that by which it reinforces the spring 5I. When the suction is very slight (full charge to the engine) the diaphragm 63 occupies the position-shown on Fig. 2 and the main spring 5l as well as the auxiliary spring'55 are of full value. The speeds of rotation V2 and V1 of the engine, respectively determining the commencement and; the completion of the engagement of the clutch have their maximum Values. The spring 55, which applies the roller 19 on its rolling path, determines the speed of rotation W for disengagement of the clutch when the said roller 10 has come to engage in the recess,12. l

When the suction is greater (meagre charge to theI engine) the diaphragm 63 is drawn in towards the right of Fig. 2, which consequently diminishes the action of the spring 55 and the reverse conditions are met with.

In two different ways there has therefore been introduced into the operation of the distributor G a new variable, that is to say the action of the suction materialising from the charging of the engine, in such a way that the operation of the clutch is regulated at the same time by two variable functional factors of the engine, that is to say its speed (governor 4I) and its charge (suction).

Up to the present only the control of the servoclutch, constructed according to the invention, has been considered, for the starting and slowingdown of the vehicle. But the clutch must also Acome into action, in the majority of cases, ,dur-

ing the operations necessary for the speed changes for which, as indicated above, the operation of the clutch takes place under quite different conditions, that is to say that it must be rapid A and no longer requires such a precise carrying out of the actions which produce and control its operation.

It is proposed arrange the control of the l servo-clutch during the changes of the speed gear combinations, in such a way that the engagement of the clutch B is lessened in the neighbourhood of the value corresponding to the couple actually transmitted at this moment bythe engine to the driven mechanism and that this engagement is re-established, for example progressively and integrally, when the operation is terminated.

For this purpose there is made to intervene` another distributor H but during the changes of the gear speed only. Advantageously, this supplementary distributor is arranged adjacent the distributor G in such a Way that certain of the conduits vor passages in which the oil circulates can be-made common at least in part. In this way the distributor H is constantly branched on to the circuit of the oil under pressure by a pipe 15 connected to the delivery conduit 4 of the pump upstream of the outlet 48 supplying the distributor G. Also, the distributor H communicates with the discharge pipe 5 through a conduit 16. Y

The slide valve 11 of this distributor H generally occupies the position shown on Fig. 2, that is to say that utilized apart from the changes of the speed gears. In this case thev slide valve A'l1 closes the outlet 90 for the oil under pressure and frees the passage 16 through which the return of the oil to the reservoir l takes place.

When the slide valve 11 occupies this position, it in no way modifies the automatic operation of the distributor G as explained above for it prevents the entry of the oil under pressure through the conduit 16 and does'not hinder the return of the uid which leaves the distributor G through the orifice 49, the passage 16 and theA been displaced towards the right in order to" open the orifice 49 through which the discharge of the oil takes place \and which cprresponds to the engagement of the\ clutch.

When a change of speed is effected by means ofa manual or automatic control which will be explained hereafter, the clutch Bis disengaged through the exclusive intervention of the distributorI-I and this operation takes place at an instant when the speed ofrotation of the engine is( certainly higher than V3 in such a way that the slide, valve 41 of the distributor G is always at the position of engagement of the clutch, that is to say that the orice 49 is open.k

In order to operate-the slide valve 11 at the required moment and in a determined direction, there must be brought into action the manual or automatic control of the gear box or boxes. For they examples shown on the drawings it has been supposed that this control also closes an electric contact 18 (Fig. 6) by which a coil 19 is connected, during each change of speed, by a wire 80 to a source of electricity 8|, for example the storage battery of the vehicle. This coil 19 then attracts a plunger 82 integral with the slide valve 83 of a distributor K by which a, pipe A84,proceeding from the suction pipe of the engine, can be put into communication through apipe 85 with a chamber 86 containing a diaphragm 81 or a piston connected by a rod 88 to the slide valve 11 of the distributor H. A return spring 89 tends to return the slide valve 11 to its initial position shown on Fig. 2.

At the time of a change of speed gear the coil 19 is, excited and instantaneously displaces the slide valve 83 in such a way that the diaphragm 81, under the elect of the suction, is urged towards the right of Fig. 2. It actuates the lslide valve 11 the useful part 'l1a of which opens the outlet 90 of the conduit 15 containing the oil under pressure and the useful part l1b of which closes the inlet of the discharge passage 16. The oil under pressure can then pass from the conduit 15 through the chamber of the distributor H, through the orifice 49, through the chamber of the distributor G and through the conduit l5 in order atleast partially to disengage the .as well as the slide valve 11 return to their initial position (Fig. 2) under the action lof the return spring 89, in such a way that the outlet 80 of the pressure conduit 15 is closed and that the dischargelpassage 16 is opened, the return' of the oil taking place through the orice 49.

This immediately causes the re-engagement of the clutch.

Care is taken to vgive the useful parts 11a and I 11b unequal surfaces inA such a way that the pressure of the oil exerts anaxial reaction on the slide valve11 as explained with reference to the slide valve 41.

fect of the suction on the diaphragm 81, and

'I'his reaction renders the pressure of the oil variable, as a function of the ef-A In order that the thrust of the oil is exerted, for example, in the opposite direction to the action of the suction,\the part 11*l is given a more reduced suction than the part 11 I If one disregards the effect of the spring 88, the action of which is only that of a simple return spring and which can be suiiiciently weak so as not to intervene in the play of the forces presentcontrary to what\happens for the spring 5| of the slide valvel 41 of the distributor G-, the equilibrium of the slide valve 11 can only take place when the thrust du`\toY the pressure of the oil becomes equal to the action exerted by the suction on the diaphragm 81, which amounts to saying that the pressure of the oil varies in the same way as the suction.

Care is taken to dimension the various members, such as the slide valve 11 and the diaphragm 81, in such a way that the value of the pressure of the oil, corresponding to the maximum action of the suction (no charge), is equal to that which assures the complete disengagement, whilst that corresponding to the minimum suction (maximum charge) is zero (complete engagement). Under these conditions, the values of the thrust of the oil on the slide valve 11, therefore thosel of the pressure of this oil, exactly follow the values of the suction during the carrying out of the changes of speed gear, therefore finally the values of the engine couple, and the clutch is disengaged all the more as the couple transmitted at this instant is weaker.

There has therefore been realised very simply the condition of engagement of the clutch as' suring a perfect smoothness of the changes of speed gear, since the engagement of the clutch can never be disproportionate with the couple actually to be transmitted at thisinstant and this in spite of the fact that this couple can take any value included between zero and the maximum'couple.

By the dimensions given to the diaphragm 81 or the like and/or by a more or less intense action given to the spring 89 for the purpose of correction, it is possible to obtain at this moment, according to the particular characteristics it is desired to give to the construction contemplated, an engagement which may be "exact or a little higher oiagain a little lower than the couple transmitted at the same instant.

It is advantageous for the return to normal operation to be carried out progressively. This can be obtained in various ways.

Flrst`of all it is possible to retard `the 'return of the slide valve 83 of the distributor K to its obturating'position by braking, through a small orifice 9|, the outlet 4of the air contained in the chamber 92 formedl in the distributor below this slide valve.

It is also possible to brake the return of the air into the chamber 86 for the diaphragm 81 by a small orifice 93 of regulatable section, for example by a pointed screw 9|, which permits avery progressive return of the chamber 86 to atmospheric pressure. This return is accompanied (suction diminished until it becomes nulliiled)A by a progressive reduction of the oil pressure which acts in thel servo-clutch, and there results therefrom a very progressive engagement of the friction surfaces of the clutch, up to maximum engagement. One therefore returns` very progressively from disengagement in proportion to the couple transmitted, to the complete cngagement of the clutch.

utilised to obtain the operation of the `transmission in free wheel by automatic disengagement of the clutch when the vdriver releases the pedal 95 of the accelerator in such a wayI that the vehicle is uncoupled from its engine which then rotates at slow-running."

For this purpose there is provided, for example on the dashboard, a switch 96 which, when it is closed by an action by the. driver, branches to the current source 8| a contact 91 provided on the accelerator pedal 95'. When the pedal is completely raised, this contact 91 contacts a terminal 98 connected by a wire 99 to the c" l. 19 of the distributor K which causes the disengagement of the clutch, as explained above, as long as the pedal remains raised, the suction then being a maximum. As soon as the driver lowers the pedal, the energisation of the coil 19 is interrupted by 91-98 and the clutch B is again engaged. This operation in free wheel 'is only possible from the moment when the driver the variable speed gear box or boxes have'attained substantially equal angular speeds. This intervention corresponds practically to the automatic realisation of the operation called double declutching and which some drivers carry out during the changes of the speed `gear and more especially during kthe passage toa lower gear combination. It is known that this operation consists, after having separated the members of' thetxspeed gear box which give the ratio previousy utilised, in accelerating the engine in an endeavour to give it as accurately as possible the speed it will have with the new ratio, which allows, at this instant, the engaging, without difficulty, the members which give this new ratio. Forboxes with friction clutches the dimculties` of engagementk are not so considerable as for boxes with engageable gears, but synchronisation is nevertheless advantageous so that the operation can take place as rapidly as possible and to prevent the friction surfaces to be coupled from slipping or causing jerks in the transmission when the clutch B is prematurely engaged.

Such a synchronising device can be constituted as follows and as shown in detail on Fig. 8.

In the neighborhood of the distributor assembly G and H there is made to terminate a shaft |00 driven according to any ratio M by the engine and for example through the intermediary of a belt transmission |0|. This shaft |00 can therefore be that of the lighting dynamo. On the extension of the said shaft |00 is located a` shaft |02 connected, by a. ratio slightly lower than M and for example 0.98 x M, to the input shaft of the speed gear box or boxes, for example by a worm drive |03 and a flexible connection |04.

One of these shafts, for example |02, carries a screw |05 with rather rapid threads, preferably of triangular section, and of desired hand. The other shaft |00 carries a casing |08, the interior length of which is greater than that of the screw |05 and which is capable of sliding on the shaft The arrangement such as jdescribed can be |00 and being driven in rotation by this latter. 75

It carries in an aperture in its periphery, a part giving a drive limited by contact with the threads of the screw |05, for example a ball |01 held forced between these threads by a spring |00. If

`the two shafts rotate in the direction indicated by the arrows on Fig. 2 and if the thread' of the screw |05 is right handed, the device functions as follows.

If the shaft of the engine A 'and the linput shaft rotate at the same speed (normal running of the vehicle) the shaft |02 rotates at 2%, less quickly than the shaft in consequence of the ratio adopted. The bail |01 plays the part of a nut thread with respect to the threads of the screw |105 in such a way that the casing |06 acts as a nut but with limited action due to the spring |08. This actuation makes it occupy its extreme position towards the left of Fig. 2, at which it is stopped. The ball |01 therefore can no longer follow the threads of the screw and jumps from one to the other, by clearing their projection and each time compressing the spring |08 to a degree which, in this case, is 2% of the speed of the engine.

There Ais located in the'casing |05 an exterior groove |09 in which is engaged a fork H0, guided, for example, by a rod I and terminating in a push-bar ||2 located opposite a projection H8 which extends'from the slide valve 'il of the distributor H. In the position shown on Figs. 1 and 2, this push-bar is not in contact with the projection H3. I

If an examination is made of what happens when, for a change of speed gear one passes to a lower combination (changing down) it is seen that in consequence of the change of ratio and of the exact disengagement of the clutch as explained above, the input shaft il of the speed box suddenly takes a greater speed. The engine A cannot follow this variation of speed since the exactly engaged clutch leaves it'with the load of the couple which it produces at this moment. If matters remained in this state, the difference of speed of rotation between the-input shaft il and the engine A, therefore between the shafts1 E02 and |00 would be maintained until the progressive re-engagement of the clutch makes it disappear.

But as soon as this difference of speed has exceeded the value of 2% that is to say practically as soon as the shaft |02 turns more quickly than the shaft |00, the ball |01 under the action of the threads of the screw drives the cage |06 to- Y wards the right of Fig. 2. After which, not being ableto go further, it again begins to jump over the threads of the .screw |05, While remaining under their influence. In its movement the casing draws along the fork ||0 and the push-bar 'H2 which positively forces the slide valve 'i1 back towards its position of complete declutching whatever may be at this moment the value of the suction acting on the diaphragm 01 or the like, the power of the spring |08 being at least equal to that of the maximum action to be provided for this suction. f

The clutch B is therefore completely disengaged as soon as the input shaft has taken up a` speed of rotation higher by more than 2% than that of the engine. If the carburetor is only slightly open at this moment the engine, freed from' any load vby this operation, at once accelerates. All its available power is utilized for this acceleration which can consequently be instantaneous and'thus constitutes a gain of time for the change of' the speed gear. As soon as the produced as soon as the difference of'speed of;

speed has become such that it is nowfonly at 2%?- below that of the input shaft ||",ltlre'ffs'c'rewif|0iY and the casing |08 have the sam'espd bfi-rota-l 51 tion and thecasing returns to thepositionshown on Fig. 2 for which its action on thefdistrlbuto'rf-H 5 ceases. The clutch is immediatelylreeenga'ge'd atl the value of the couple transmitted"(suctiorilonly) then progressively in ientirety. .-'fthe' coni# mencement of the engagement it can'be-saidfthat;

the friction surfaces are in synchronism'ffor the difference in speed of rotation of v2% A"is "come" pensated by the time necessary forthefcarrying out of the operation however rapidi-itfmaybe2-ff"vv By the means indicated the clutchhas thei'f'e-f f fore been almost completely' prevented 'l from slipping under load, since the complete"fdisenfjj gagement was obtained as soon as a difference in* speed` of rotation of 2% was established between the friction linings and that re-engagement'wa's- Y rotation fell below 2%. Moreover the duration of? the disengagement of the friction parts 'neces-" sarily accurate since it is precisely the diiiere'nce'v of speed of rotation of the friction surfaces whichf Produces it and makes it cease. y I 25 In order to be sure that the time requiredv by the operation shall be the minimum, itis suili-f cient to facitate the acceleration-of'th'engine during the disengagement of the clutch: For this, there can be arranged, in the neighbourhood" of the controlling arm ||4 (Fig. 1) of the throttle of the carburetor or in any other favourablepo sition of the rod which controls this armfa lever" f I ||5 coaxial to the arm H4 and which is adapted to act, for example by an adjustable projection I6, on the arm I4 in order to increase the open'-` ing of the throttle. The lever ||5 is -connected," for movement by the fork ||2 for example by'v being connected by a rod to the guide rod |||"f of this latter. Y f Of course this temporary opening 'of the throt tle of the carburetor during synchronisation could be obtained by other means than those indicated f* above 'l f, .L ,1 In the foregoing it has been supposed that the distributor K (of the suction) comes vinto action i for each change of the speed gear, whether it be rising or falling-whilst the synchroniser'.|06ionly4 comes into action for passages to-.a lower `com',- bination. On Fig. 7 there haslbeen'fshownV an`-50 arrangement for which the effect of ,thef`suction',-ir.4 regulated bythe distributor K, only actsffl'nf.the rising changes of the speeds whilst-thecontrol of the clutch lB, during the fallingpchangessof-a the speeds, is regulated only by the synchroniser-5 |06 but this time without the interventionfiof he suction at the time of engagement.

'Ihe control mechanism of the speed-gea .box and which will be described more explicitly aheree. n after, produces byits displacements infzthe directtion for which one passes to a higherspeedfv com bination, the closing of the contacts-,Igand which conduct the current throughlth Awire I the coil 'I9 of the' distributor K. Fo `allith ing changes there will therefore be@ t, ne t e, operation of the slide valve l1 of th distiiibutp K with intervention of the suction, above. y n When the control mechanism isated order to pass to a lower speed combin is obtained the closing of the conta .p I8l which, by a wire 801, conduct theicunrentst zr, an interrupter IIB. This latter, whichzvisnoifmally open, can be closed by the rod ofthe synchroniser |06 as soon as, in consequence of a u falling speed gear change, the shaft |02 turns more than 2% more quickly than the shaft |08. At this moment the interrupter I|8 energises a coil 191 in which is accommodated a plunger 821 which carries a push-bar I I8 with guiding rod |20 and which is capable of forcing the projection I |3 of the slide valve 11 of the distributor H towards a position for which the disengagement of the clutch B is obtained. 'I'his displacement is made possible owing to the lost-motion connection |2| provided between the slide valve 11 and the rod 88 controlled by the effect of the suction.

By the closing of the contact 101 the coil 191 f is /energised and instantaneously attracts the plunger 821 which forces the slide valve 11 towards its declutching position. At this moment there comes into actionv the synchroniser |06 which maintains the contact ||8 closed as long as the shafts and |02 do not turn in synchronism and which opens the contact IIB by displacement of the casing |06 and of the rod.| towards the left of Fig. '1 as soon as synchronism is attained, as explained above. 'Ihe energisation oi the coil ceases and the plunger 821 returns toits inactive position under the action of its return spring. The slide valve 11 of the distrib#v utor H follows this movement, by being pressed by its spring 89, which permits the engagement of the clutch B.

Moreover, it is possible, if one is satisfied with an approximate synchronisation, to simplify the mechanism a great deal. The wire 801 is then connected directly to the winding 191, 'entirely eliminating the contact |I8rand the synchroniser.

In this way the current sent by ,the contact 18"JL arrives directly to actuate the plunger 821 every time a falling speed gear change takes place and thus causes the complete disengagement of the clutch. In this case it is advantageous to regulate the period during which the disengagement of the clutch takes place and It is also expedient to observe "that one A:cuidvery well omit the distributor K and permanently connect the chamber 86 having the diaphragm 81 or the like by conduit 85 (Fig. 4) to the suction piping of the engine, while regulating, however, the various control members so that the engagement always maintains an appreciable security with respect to the couple transmitted by the clutch. In this case the engagement of the clutch would be permanently variable as a function of the engine couple and would therefore be constantly regulated as at the time of changes of speed gear, whichdoes not present any disadvantage in itself so long as the security of engagement is sufficient. But undue wear of y' way of example a change-speed mechanism with a reversing device C and two planetary gear boxes D and E with oil servo-motors 3|-34 and separate distributors D1 and E1.

First of al1 there win be shown now the. semiautomatic operation of this mechanism can be arranged, thatis to say that for which the driver decides and causes the changes of the speed gear combinations without furnishing the effort necessary for the operations and, of course, without acting on the clutch B of which the control and the operation can be, at any rate, made automatic as explained above.

It is readily remembered that the direct drive for each gear box D'or E is obtained when the sliding plate 21 is made integral by its conical rim 'lll'il with the planetary gear 23, which is obtained when the pressure does not act in the servo-motor 3|-34 of this box, and that the drive takes place at a reduced speed when the said plate is immobilised by the braking of the conical vrim 281 on a fixed rim 30 and .for this purpose the pressure must act in the said servomotor 3l-34. I

Under these conditions and assuming that the lower gear. of the box D gives a ratio lower than that of the lower gear of the box E, thc-four speeds for the assembly are obtained in the following manner.

First speed: Box D under pressure-box E under pressure.

Second speed: Box D under pressure-box E in discharge.

Third speed: Box D in discharge--boxv E under pressure.

Fourth speed: Box D discharge. y

l inA discharge-box vE in 'I'he details of a control device of this kind arel clearly shown on Fig. 6.v It comprises a knob |34 the axle |35 of which is capable of sliding and of turning in its support |36 and to which the driver can give'four active positions I, II, III and IV arranged for example as is standard for automobiles. In the case considered above for the distribution. of the pressures, the free l extremitypf the flexible member |32 vof the distributor-'D1 of the box D is engaged in a guide |31 in such a way-that it can slide in the said guide parallel to the axle |35 of the knob |34 and this free extremity is connected toa fork |38 engaged in a peripheral groove |39 of the v axle |35. As a result thereof when the knob |34 is acted upon by pull or push the driving of the iiexible member |32 and of the slide valve D1 corresponds thereto.

The flexible member |33 of the, distributor E1 is connected to a finger |40 keyed on the axle |35 and which is advantageously guided by a gate |4| commonly used in automobiles in such a way that the useful positions of the axle |35 can be easily determined in the course of the operations of the knob |34. When this latter is displaced angularly in one direction or the otherthere is driven at the same time the flexible member |33 and with it the distributor E1.

It will easily be proved that by placing the knob |34 successively Yin the four useful positions I, II, AIII and IV there is obtainedv the correct distribution of the pressures and discharges yin the assembly of the two boxes D and E.

The control member |34 can be given the form 75 of a knob on account of the very small efforts necessary for the displacement of the slide valves preferably balanced-of the distributors D1 andv E1. There is advantageously provided on the knob |34 a projection which constitutes an indicator for the driver as to the exact position given to the knob and that even in the dark, to avoid any wrong operation.

On the axle |35 of the knob |34 there is also mounted a cam |42 which can a'ct on an insulating member |43 carried by an insulated mctallic blade |44 connected to the source of electricity 8|. This blade |44 forms part of the switch 18 connected by the wire 80 to the coil 19 of the distributor K4 (Fig. 2). 'The member |43 has been given'suilcient dimensions so that the cam remains in contact therewith during the axial or angular displacements of the axle |35 but that this contact ceases as soon as the knob occupies any one of its useful posit/ions. It results therefrom that the coil 19 of the distributor K is only energised during the operations of the knob |34 to cause a change of the speedl gear combinations but ceases as soon as these opera- 53 from C3 F3 to'Cf1 F311.

tions are terminated, which corresponds in full to the operation indicated for the distributor K.

For this purpose, as shown on Fig. 4, the slide valve d1 can be influenced by a supplementary spring 55 acting in the same direction as the spring 5| and the power of which can be modied at will by a lever 56 remotely-controlled by the driver With the aid of a flexible member 51 and a draw knob 58 for example.

In the case Where it is desired to be able to modify in this way only the speeds of. rotation-V1.

and V2 but'not the speed of rotation V3, the spring 55 is made to acton a lever 59 articulated on the one hand to the slide valveM and on the other hand to a rod 60 which, by a cranked lever 6|, acts on the bolt 53 inorder to apply to it a fraction of the action of the sp1ing'55. It is thus possibleto increase, by equal amounts for example, the action R of the spring 5| and the action Y of the bolt 53.

The diagram of Fig. 3 shows the result obtained. It is supposed that by the intervention of the spring 55 the action R of the spring 5| has been transferred to R1 and that of the bolt The point corresponding to the commencement of the engagement of the clutch is then transferred to C2a for the speed of rotation V11a to the same distance under the' horizontal R1 as V"1 was under the horizontal R. The point corresponding to the completion of the engagement is transferred to C1a at the ntersection of the horizontal R1 with the parabola X for a speed of rotation V111. The action of the bolt 53 having been increased, theremust be considered for the action of the forces a new parabola Xb which intersects the horizontal R1 at F311 It is discovered that the speed of rotation V3 for declutching has not been modified. The points of the commencement (V28) and of the completion of the engagement (V13) at the time of starting have thus been displaced Without modifying the point of disengagement (V3) at the time of s1owing ldown which is rational in order not to reduce the utilisation of the engine at low speeds of rotation.

If ithad been desired also to modify the point of disengagement (V3) it would have Ibeen suicient to change the distribution of the action of the spring 55 on the slide valve 41 and on the bolt 53, for example by adopting a lever 59 with spring 55 it is possible to cause to vary the con-5' dition or conditions of engagement and/orgof disengagement in dependence as the slowrun- 10 ning condition of the engine varies.

The action of the suction acting permanently as engagement reducer when the transmitted couple diminishes is very advantageous when it exerts itself on the slide valve of a simplev disl5 tributor such as those designated by G and H on Figs. 1, 2 and 4, but this action is not limited l to this mode of operation.

Fig. 5 shows an arrangement which permits of obtaining the result to which reference has 90 just been made, that is to say the elimination of the distributor H and of its controlling members such as K and 191. In this case the clutch B is operated by an arm |24 keyed o n the shaft l2 carrying the ordinaryvpedal |26. On this l5 arm there is made to act, through the intermediary of a lost motion device |21, a rod |28 controlled by two servo-motors |29 and |30 one'l of which (|29) functions inthe manner of the oil servo-clutch |4|1 of Figs. 1 and 2 andis 30 connected for this purpose by a conduit I5 to the distributor G. .The other servo-motor (|311),v` of larger dimensions, operates by suction by being connected by the pipe 13| to the suction conduit of the engine.' It is mounted for'exarnple 35 in tandem with this latter, in order to assure the disengagement of the clutch B. The .surface of the suction piston is calculated, with respect tothe effort necessary for the operation of the clutch', like that of the diaphragm 1 of -li Figs. 1, 2 and 4, account being taken ofy the reaction of the oilv acting in the servo-motor |29.`

For the example according to Fig.5 the oil servomotor |29 is controlled only by the distributor G in dependence upon the lcentrifugal governor 4| 45 in such a way that the servo-clutch only comes into action for the starting and slowing down 1 of the vehicle. Of course this assembly could be completed by av distributor H functioning as explained with reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 4 or 50 Fig. '7. l

'I'he suction servo-motor |30 can remain inV permanent connection with the suction pipe of the engine and in this case, as its action tends to disengage the clutch when the suction` in- 55 creases, the engagement constantly follows the variations of the couple transmitted and it is,` advantageous to make special arrangementsvwith v regard to the clutch abutment; that is to say that t sure (altitude, bad weather, etc.).'vv The uences are not, however, sumciently important to be able to disturb the operation of the devices l describe above except in quite exceptional circumstances.

It should not be thought that the clutch controls which have just been described under various forms, are only applicable to planetary gear boxes with frictional engagement, particularly that described in detail with reference to Fig. 1. It can also be utilised for any other gear box, for example with sliding gears or with coupling -by dog-clutches. l

This follows in itself as regards the startings and slowing-down of the vehicle, the gear box not being concerned at these instants. But this is true yalso for the speed gear changes, with the sole condition that care is taken during these operations, to supply with' electricity the coil 19 of the distributor K and/or the coil 191 of the `arrangement according to Fig. 7.

' of aspeed change with a gear box, the driver releases the accelerator pedal in order to change Y speed. This action carries the suction to its maximum value, and instantaneously the complete disengagemcnt ofthe clutch takes place.

But in the case considered, as the driver is always compelled to release the accelerator, partial disengagements becomesuperuous and the electromagnet 19-82 can be made to act directly on the slide valve 11 and the suction apparatus 85 be eliminated, this electromagnet being enthere is provided a distributor K set apart for the control of the clutch B during the changing up ofthe speeds and a special coil 191 for this control during the changing down of the speeds, there must be provided for the knob |34 a more complex movement between these useful' positions I, II, III and IV. In this case the knob |34 is always connected to the sliding axle on which is engaged by a long keyway a sleeve |45 which therefore turns with thesaid axle but is prevented from moving axially by a fixed part |45. This sleeve |45 carries the finger |40, to which is connected the flexible member |33 of the distributor E1, as well as the cam |42 which controls the switch 18. This switch is connected by a wire |41 to one conducting and insulated extremity'of an oscillating lever |48 articulated at its centre to a rod |49 connected to the flexible member |32 of the` distributor D1 and axially the wires 80 and 891 to the coils 19 and 191 the function of which has been explained above.

one useful position to another. This' guiding is such that for changing up, that is to say i'rom the positions I to 1I, II to III, III to IV. the knob |34 and the axle |35 are always moved in the same direction from left to right of Fig. 7. For each of these movements there is first of all obtained a sliding of the axle |35 and an inclination of the lever |48 until its conducting extremity comes into'contact with the terminal |5| to feed this latter and it is only after this contact that the rod' |49 and the flexible member |32 are driven through the intermediary of the arm |5| to act on'the distributor D1. The angular movement of the knob |34 causes, as for the example according to Fig. 6, the control of the flexible member |33 and of the slide valve E1.

On the other hand, for changing down, .the movements IV-III, III-II, II-I of the knob |34 all take place in opposite direction and in this case the conducting extremity of the lever |48 comes each time into contact with the terminal 181, whichenergises the coil 191 whilst the rod |43 and the exible member |32 are moved axially through the intermediary of thel lever 48 and of the arm |52.

When the action on the knob |34 ceases the lever |48 returns to its inactive middle position,

, which interrupts the energising of the coil 19 or 191. But, moreover, the distribution of the current is regulated through the intermediary of y'the cam |42 and of the interrupter 181 which accompany the speed gear changes. The current is always interrupted when these latter are terminated and when the knob |34 has arrived at one of its positions of normal use.

Moreover care is taken to give the slidevalve of the distributor D1 which controls the'simple gear box D such a form that the supplemental movement which is thus imparted thereto be- Vtween the positions' I-II and III-IV of the control member |35 is without effect on the distribution, this latter only passing from supply under pressure to discharge between the points II and III and inversely.

Theinvention is in no way limited to the special planetary gear boxes D and E shown by Way of example but is also applicable to gear boxes of any kind such as the sliding gear box, of a standard type, shown on Fig. 8.

Direct drive is obtained by the engagement of the sliding dogs |53 of a ring |54, sliding with a long keyway on the shaft |55 which extends from the gear box to drive the wheels of the vehicle, with sliding dogs |56 integral with the input shaft of the box. The third speed is obtained when the sliding dogs |51 are engaged with the sliding dogs |58 carried by a pinion |59 mounted loosely on the shaft |55. The second and iirst speed are respectively obtained by the meshing of the sliding wheels |80 and |8| engaged'on the intermediateshaft H52 with the wheels |83 or |54 integral with the intermediate shaft |65.

These movements are respectively obtained by the axial sliding f the forks |88 for the speeds III and IV and |61- for the speeds I and II.

It is proposed to produce the movement of these forlns yby the hydraulic device already described and that under the control of an operating member, such as a hand lever |341, prov'ided within reach of the hand of the driver. *For this purpose `the movement of eac-h fork is subjected byv an appropriate small servo-motor to the movementv imposed vby the driver on the distributor of the servo-motorconcerned.

The fork |51 is controlled for example by the small servo-motor D* the p iston of which is connected to this fork by a rod |89.

The fork- |66 is controlled by a small servomotor similar to that designated by D*1 and by a rod |68.

In order to control a distributor D1 for the servo-motor Da and that of the second servomotor recourse is had to an operating member constituted, for example, by the hand lever l|341 and which controls the two distributorsthrough the intermediary of two separate controls such as flexible members |32 and |33. On the side of the hand lever these exible members, suitably guided, respectively present driving notches |32 and |33 in each of which the handlever |331, capable of sliding on its axis and of turning around this latter, can be engaged in order to assure the driving of thecorresponding exible member. When the free extremity of the hand lever occupies one of its active positions I, II, III and IV, the distributors of the servo-motors such as Da are brought to a position for whichV there is obtained the bringing into action of the new speed combination.

The extremity of each of the exible members |32 or |33 is not directly attached to the slide valve of the corresponding distributor but actually through the intermediary of a lever |1| to which there is articulated, at an intermediate point, a rigid rod |12 which prolongs the said flexible member. A 'ball |13, innuenced by a spring and co-operating with notches provided in the rod |12, holds this latter in each of its exact useful -positions to which it is brought by the hand-lever |361. vOne extremity o f the lever |1| is articulated to the spindle |15 of the slide valve and the other is engaged, through the' intermediary for example of anelongated eye |15 on a pin carried by the rod (|69) of the corresponding servo-motor. In this way the distrib- '.ztor of cach servo-motor is compelledto follow, with an exact amplitude, the displacements imposed thereon by the control member |351 whileA 'being also subjected to the influence of the reactions of the piston of the servo-motor in the course of its operation.

The slide valve of each distributor comprises two obturating parts |16 and |11 sufficiently spaced apart so that the outlet of the circuit 35 conducting the oil under pressure, is never 0bturated by one or the other of these obturating parts. At the middle position of the slide valve, it obturates, however, at the same time the two passages |18 and |19 connecting the distributor to thel two covers of the cylinder of the servomotor (De). The two extremities of the body of the distributor (D111) areconstantly in communication with the discharge conduit 31.

It is assumed that the driver, by acting on the hand lever |3551, has moved the lever lll by the exible member |32 in such a way that its upper extremity comes to occupy the position a. In this case the slide valve of the distributor D1a is driven towards the left of Fig. 8 and the oil under pressure passes through the conduit I35, the middle space of the distributor and the passage |18 in order to act on the right-hand face of the piston of the servo-motor D11. The other face of the said piston is subjected to the discharge pressure 4through the passage |19, the right-hand space of the distributor and the conduit 31. The piston ls set into movement and drives not only the fork |61 but also the lever |1| which pivots around the extremity of the rod |12. As a result thereof the slide valve of the distributor is moved towards the right of Fig. 8.

If the point of articulation of the rod |12 to aaoaaoa the lever |11 is located at the middle of this latter, the movement of the piston is equal but in the. opposite direction to that of the slide valve of thev distributor but if, as shown on Fig. 8, the point of connection is located'nearer to the distributor,y the amplitude of the displacement of the slide valve will be less than that of the piston. Consequently, when the piston arrives at its position b, the leverhas restored, forexample, the slide valve to its neutral position c and the servo-motor stops. At this moment the speed gear change vhas been effected. It results from the foregoing that the driver decides and causes the operation of the slide valve of the distributor in a determined direction, but that he need not intervene at the end of the operation of the speed gear change to restore the distributor to-its initial neutral position, this action being performed by the servo-motor itself when the operation is actually finished.

It could easily be provided that by the action g ofthe handflever |341 or the like on the two distributors it is possible to obtain at will the substitution ofthe desired speed change for that it is desired to abandon, and as the eiorts to be exerted on the slide valves of the distributors are very slight, the hand lever |341-or the like can have very reduced dimensions so that it can be located in any desired position and which is easily accessible to thedriver. i n' The invention can valso be applied in the Vcase where it is desired that the control is entirelyautomatic and regulates not only the operation of the clutch'device B butA also that of the speedl gear box or boxes whatever may be` the constitution of these latter. It has been'shown above that for the operation oi the speed change (with o the exception of the reversing mechanism) it is sumcient in all cases to distribute in the servomotor associated with eachof the boxes a fluid (oil) under pressure or to eliminate, at least in part, the eiect of this pressure in order to obtain the desired result. For the preceding examples there are interposed, for this purpose, distributors the slide valves of which are controlled from a distance and without dimculty by the driver in such a way as thus to obtain a semiautomatic control ofthe speed change.

It is now proposed to control the distribution of the fluids under pressure or in discharge by entirely automatic means. For this purpose the yslide valves of the distributors D1 and E1 of the preceding examples can be combined into a single part |80 (Fig. 9) in' which, in the case where it is a question of the operation of two coupled gear boxes o f the kind of those shown on Figi, four series of peripheral channels are 1 provided, the formsof which are clearly visible on Figs. 9B, 9b, 9 and 911. 'Ihese channnels are spaced over a part of the length ofthe slide valve |80 in such a way that they can be brought successively opposite the conduits, in which is located the oil under pressure or in discharge, by an axial movement of the slide valve 13|).

The useful positions of the slide valve 18|) are determined by a retaining device, constituted for example by a bally 18|, influenced by a spring and co-operating with notches |82 provided in the slide valve. o

Besides the distributor N which controls automatically and for example two distinct gear boxes D and E as for the preceding embodiments, it should be understood that there is interposed a distributor G for the automatic control of the clutch B during starting and slowlngu 'down and a distributor H for the automatic control of the same clutch during the changes of the speed gear combinations.

As for the example shown on Figs. 1 and 2, the oil under pressure is supplied through the conduit 4 and is brought, on the one hand, tothe distributor G by the outlet 48 and on the other hand to the distributor N by the conduit 35. The

'discharge of the oil, proceeding from the distributor GA takes place through the discharge pipe 5 and that proceeding from the distributor N through the pipe 31. The distributor N is connected to the servo-motors of the gear boxesD and E respectively through the conduits 39 and 86 and the distributor G is connected to the clutch B through the conduit i5.

In order to control the slide valve |80 lof the distributor N it is possible to utilise one or several functional factors of the engine or of the vehicle for example the speed of the driving or driven shaft obtained from a centrifugal governor driven by this shaft, the load on the engine which would then be taken off from a dynamometer or by a deformable member (diaphragm) or movable member (piston) on which the suction of the engine acts, or any other appropriate functional factor.

For the example shown on Fig. 9 it has been assumed that this distributor N is controlled by a governor driven by the engine shaft. This governor could be distinct from that (4|) vwhich acts on the distributor of the clutch or it can be combined withthis latter. In this case it is necessary suitably to distribute the action of this single governor 4| to the slide valve 41 of the distributor G and to the slide valve |80 of the Vdistributor N,l so that the interventions of these two distributors cannot mutually interfere, that isto say that the slide valve 41 only occupies certain useful positions for the speeds of rotation V2 (disengagement) V1 (engagement). or

even V3 (declutching) of the engine which only ailect the clutch B during the startings and slowing-down of the vehicle whilst the slide valve |80 comes into action advantageously according to the speed of rotation V1 only.' for whichthe clutch B is completely engaged.

This distribution ofthe action of the governor 4| couldbe obtainedby mechanical means, for example by a swing ybar transferring on to the distributors concerned theeffect of the governor 4|. However in this case the governor must be given a greater power or stroke, which may complicate the construction.

Recourse may also be assure, in an accessory circuit, an oil pressure which follows the variations of the centrifugal force of the governor. It is the oil of. this circuit at centrifugal pressure which is then distributed in such a way as vto act on the movable parts of the various-distributors in the same way as the governor would directly, for example through the intermediary of the swing-bars.

For this the distributor P is arranged like the distributor H of Fig. 2; it has an inlet |84 for oil under pressure supplied through the delivery conduit 4 of the pump 2, an oil loutlet |85, the

|83b. The pipe |88 is never covered by these obturating parts. The governor acts directlyon the slide valve |88 and in order to create the reaction of the oil which renders its pressure proportional to the action Xo! the governor an had, as shown on Fig. 9, to a proportioning distributor P, appointed to section of the obturating part |83". The piston |83IJ could quite as well be given a greater diameter than that of the piston |83 as for the preceding examples.

This mechanism creates an axial thrust simlar to that which has already been explained at the time of the descriptionof a slide valve with obturating parts of diiferent'diameter and this thrust always being equal to the action of the governor 4|, the oil pressure from the distributing circuit |86 follows the variations of the centrifugal force. This circuit |86 is appointed to distribute this pressure on the end of the slide valves of the distributors G and N in such a way that these latter receive, by this centrifugal pressure, actions which are proportional to those they received directly or indirectly from the governor as for the preceding examples. The proportion is regulated by the ratios of the diameters of the slide valves 41 and to that of the slide valve |83.

For the distributor |80, appointed to control the speedfchanges, it is necessary to oppose to the action of the oil at centrifugal pressure supplied by the by-pass |88 a variable resistance, particularly by causing to act on a spindle |9| of the slide valve |80 an opposing spring `|89 the stress of which can be modif-led, at will, by the driver through the intermediary of a remote control such asa lever |92 on which the driver can act through the intermediary of a rod |93.

The spring |89 could act directly on the stem |9| of the slide valve. -But being given the rather considerable stroke of this part, Aits length would have to be very great if it is desired that this latter shall not have a great inuence on its power.

It is preferable, in order to diminish the extension of the spring |89 and, in consequence, its length, to make it act on a lever |25, articulated to a xed point vand receiving the action of the spring on a relatively small lever arm in order to transmitit to the stem |9| by a lever arm which is clearly larger. y

For the' automatic control the ball|'8| does not play only the part of a simple holding device. The retaining force which it exerts'rnust advantageously be variable either with the thrust of the oil acting on the slideA valve |80, or with that of the opposing spring |89. For this purpose there`is made 4to act on the spring |94, which determines the effort transmitted by this ball, a small piston |95 located in a. conduit |96 branched' on the by-pass |88 through which the oil under pressure is brought to the distributor N. The device thus constituted operates as follows. When the governor 4|, driven by the'engine, develops a centrifugal force correspcndingto the speed of, rotation V2 of the engine, the slide valve |83 has come to occupy a position for which the outlet |84 for the oil under pressure is uncovered and the pressure acts through the middle'space of the distributor, through the passage |86' and through the by-passes |81 and |88, on the slide valves 41 and |80 of the distributors G and N. By the action of the forces acting on the slide valve |83 this pressure increases, as stated above, with the momentary value of the centrifugal force. Between the .speeds of rotation V2 and V1 plied in the'case of a the driver who then displaces by hand and this Uvengagement of the clutch takes place whilst the lslide valve |80 of the distributor N always occu- `pies, the position, shown on Fig. 9, for which the engagement of the l'lrst speed is obtained. As

indicated with reference to the operation of the rgear Vboxes D and E shown on Fig. 1, it has been vsupposed that in this case the pressure must act at the same time in the. two boxes and in order when the pressure of the oil in the distributor N` has become suiiicient to overcome the retaining eiort of the ball 8| and of the spring |90 there is obtained a rapid movement of the slide valve |80 towards its second active position l(Fig. 9b) for which the conduit 39 of the box D remains under pressure and the conduit 3 6 of the box E is in discharge, which corresponds to the bringing into action of the second speed.` When the speed of rotation of the engine, which has undergone an increase after slowing down by reason of the change of the speed gear, increases Still further, the slide valve |80 is brought to its 3rd speed" position for which the conduit 39.01 the box D is in discharge and the conduit 36 of the box E under pressure (Fig. 9). Finally the engagement of the 4th speedf is obtained when the slide valve |80 is at its extreme position for which the two conduits 39 and 36 are put into discharge (Fig. 9d). 'I'he movement of the slide valve |80 in the opposite direction takes Yplace at the time of. the lowering of the speed of rotation of the engine, through the action of the spring l| 89 It should be noted that the control of the gear box, by a distributor such as N, can also be apsemi-automatic control by only by-way of emergency |80 yin order to bring it to control, the slide valve the desired characteristicl position.

vany one ofthe methods devices functioning with opposite the' contact on Ilever I'hecontrol of the clutch B during the speed changes. takes place exactly as for the pirecedingexamples by the distributor H the slide valve 11 of which can be arranged according to already described, the the aid of the oil at centrifugal .pressure necessitating no modification ofthe distributor H.

For'finstance, as shown in Fig. 9, the slide alves G and H and mechanism K of Fig. 1 are used.vrl It isobvious `that the lever |25 controlling the position of slide valve |80 occupies four dir"- ferentpositions for 'the di'erent speed ratios. The end of lever |25 is insulated and is provided .with a contact sliding over the surface of an op posed contact member 18x.

The contact on the end of'` lever |25 is connected to line 80, while contact '18S-ris connected to a. sourceA of current 8|. Contact member 18x has insulating portions |25 for each position offvalve |80 corresponding to the engagement of some gear ratio, and between these in- 'sulating portions the member 18x is provided with conducting portions.

It r isevident that as the member |80 moves Z from the position corresponding to one gear ratio tov that corresponding to the next, contact will be malebetween the end lof lever |25 and ithe member-. 18X, and current will ytherefore flow through wire to the mechanism K. This will cause at each change from one gear ratio to another the disengagement and re-engagement of the clutch in the same manner as for Fig. 2.

The operation of the rod |93 requires a rather considerable eiort which can be greatly reduced by causing to act on the slide valve |80 of the distributor N'an oil pressure which varies proportionally to the stress of the spring |89, according to the same principle as that which has been adopted to obtain the "centrifugal pressure".

Such a construction 'is shown on Fig. 10 for which the spring |89 acts on the slide valve |81 of a distributor Q the supply pipe |98 of which is branched on the delivery conduit 4 of the pump.

The middle space of the said distributor'is con.l

nected, in a permanent manner and by a conduit 200 to the space |99 which is located at the right of the slide valve |80 A ,discharge conduit 20| also proceeds from the distributr'Q to open into the general discharge pipe. 'I'he lack of equilibrium of the slide valve |91 is assured-for example by Mproviding a passage |91'in the obturating part |915. By the influence of the spring |89 and by the thrust `of the oil which acts in the'opposite direction on the slide valve |91, the pressure of the oil supplied through the conduit 200 becomes proportional to this thrust and this pressure in this case acts as opposing force on the slide valve |80 against the pressure of oil delivered by the distributor P and by the by-pass |88. This pressure can then be distributed to various apparatus, if necessary,as has been explained forA the centrifugal pressure oil circuit. f

The reduction of the'force necessary for the operation ofthe lever |92 .in order to modify, if vnecessary, the stress of the spring |89 Lresults in this case from two facts. 'Ihe slide' valve |91 of the distributor Q has a stroke considerably less than that of the slide valve |80 of the distributor N in such a way that the work to be produced is already less for an equal force. More- .over thisl force can, itself, be very reduced if |91 a value clearly lower than that of the slide valve |80. f

Up tothe present there have been shown examples of means by which an oil pressure could follow thel variations of a determined functional factor, for example the centrifugal force X 4of a governor as regards the distributor P, the suction as regards the distributor H or the power of a spring, as regardsthe distributor Q.

On Fig. 10 the distributors P and Q received respectively the actions of the centrifugal forceX and of the spring |89 and transformed them into an oil pressure proportional to these actions, pressures acting respectively on the slide valve |80,by thrust on its two bases.

Fig. l1 shows an arrangement for which the4 distributors P and Q are combined into a single distributor` T, the slide valve 230 of this latter being `iniluenced in opposition by the two actions in question in such afway as to be controlled by their resultant. 'I'he distributor T is supplied with fluid under pressure through the conduit 23| connected in a permanent manner to the delivery conduit 4 of the pump 2. When the slide valve 230 is in equilibrium under the action of the two aforesaid forces, its ltwo obturating parts respectively close the two exhaust conduits |88a and 200'l opening into the distributor N in such is explained of the distributor N.

there is given to the diameter of the `slide valveL 

